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''The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara'' is a 2003 American documentary film about the life and times of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara illustrating his observations of the nature of modern warfare. The film was directed by Errol Morris and features an original score by Philip Glass. The title derives from the military concept of the "''fog of war''" depicting the difficulty of making decisions in the midst of conflict. The film won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature. It was non-competitively screened at the Cannes Film Festival.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Festival de Cannes: The Fog of War )〕 ==Concept== Using archival footage, United States Cabinet conversation recordings, and an interview of the then eighty-five-year-old Robert McNamara, ''The Fog of War'' depicts his life, from his birth during the First World War remembering the time American troops returned from Europe, to working as a World War II Whiz Kid military officer, to being the Ford Motor Company's president, to serving as Secretary of Defense for presidents Kennedy and Johnson (including his involvement in the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War). In a 2004 appearance at U.C. Berkeley, Errol Morris said his inspiration for the documentary derived from McNamara's book (with James G. Blight), ''Wilson's Ghost: Reducing the Risk of Conflict, Killing, and Catastrophe in the 21st Century'' (2001).〔(UC Berkeley News )〕 Morris originally approached McNamara for an interview for an hour-long television special. That was extended multiple times and Morris decided to make a feature film.〔Ryan, Tom. "Making History: Errol Morris, Robert McNamara and The Fog of War." Senses of Cinema 31 (2004):. Sense of Cinema. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.〕 Morris interviewed McNamara for some twenty hours; the two-hour documentary comprises eleven lessons from ''In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam'' (1995). He posits, discourses upon, and propounds the lessons in the interview that is ''The Fog of War''. Moreover, at the U.C. Berkeley event, McNamara disagreed with Morris's interpretations in ''The Fog of War'', yet, on completion, McNamara supplemented the original eleven lessons with an additional ten lessons; they are in ''The Fog of War'' DVD. When asked to apply the eleven lessons from ''In Retrospect'' to the U.S. invasion of Iraq, McNamara refused, arguing that ex-secretaries of defense must not comment upon the incumbent defense secretary's policies. He suggested other people could apply the eleven lessons to the war in Iraq, but that he would not, noting that the lessons are about war in general, not a specific war. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Fog of War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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